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COGSA: Carriage of Goods by Sea Act - U.S. federal law that governs the rights and responsibilities between shippers and ocean carriers in the international transportation of cargo.

Pomerene Act: Federal Bills of Lading Act that regulates bills of lading in interstate and foreign commerce, establishing rules for negotiable instruments in shipping.

Harter Act: U.S. federal law that governs the rights and responsibilities of ocean carriers for cargo loss or damage on voyages to or from U.S. ports.

Interstate Commerce Act: Federal law regulating transportation carriers, establishing framework for reasonable rates and practices in interstate transportation.

Carmack Amendment: Federal law governing inland transportation liability for loss or damage to goods, applicable to motor carriers and rail transportation.

Rotterdam Rules: United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea, providing modern uniform rules for international door-to-door container transport.

Hague Rules: International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to Bills of Lading, establishing basic carrier liability rules in international trade.

Hague-Visby Rules: Updated version of Hague Rules with modified liability limits and expanded scope for modern shipping practices.

UN Multimodal Transport Convention: United Nations Convention on International Multimodal Transport of Goods, providing framework for transport using multiple modes under a single contract.

UCP 600: Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, providing rules for documentary credits and letters of credit in international trade.

INCOTERMS: International Commercial Terms providing standardized rules for domestic and international trade terms, defining responsibilities of buyers and sellers.

UCC: Uniform Commercial Code as adopted by U.S. states, providing standardized rules for commercial transactions including provisions for bills of lading.