¶¶Òõ¶ÌÊÓƵ

COGSA 1936: Carriage of Goods by Sea Act - Primary U.S. federal law governing the rights and responsibilities between shippers and ocean carriers in the international transportation of goods.

Harter Act 1893: Federal statute regulating the carriage of cargo by sea, particularly addressing the obligations and rights of ship owners, shippers, and consignees.

Pomerene Act 1916: Federal Bills of Lading Act that governs the negotiability and legal status of bills of lading in interstate and foreign commerce.

Hague Rules: International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading, establishing standard liability rules for international carriage of goods by sea.

Hague-Visby Rules: Updated version of the Hague Rules, providing amended liability limits and extending certain protections, though not directly adopted by the US.

Hamburg Rules: UN Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea, providing alternative liability framework (noted that US is not a signatory).

CBP Regulations: U.S. Customs and Border Protection regulations governing import documentation, customs clearance, and entry procedures.

CFR Title 19: Code of Federal Regulations Title 19 covering Customs Duties and import/export requirements.

FMC Regulations: Federal Maritime Commission regulations governing ocean transportation intermediaries and carrier operations.

UCC Article 7: Uniform Commercial Code Article 7 governing documents of title, including bills of lading in domestic commerce.

ISF 10+2 Rule: Importer Security Filing requirement mandating submission of specific cargo information 24 hours before vessel loading.

SOLAS Convention: Safety of Life at Sea Convention requirements, including verified gross mass (VGM) requirements for container shipping.

CSI Requirements: Container Security Initiative requirements for screening and examining containers at foreign ports before shipment to the US.